2025/2025 WAEC/NECO Answers: 2025 GCE WAEC Agricultural Science

 QUESTION ONE
(1a)
(i) WARDA - West Africa Rice Development Association
(ii) IITA - International Institute of Tropical Agriculture
(iii) FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization
(iv) ILCA - International Livestock Center for Africa

(1b)
(i) It provides food
(ii) It brings about rural development
(iii) It provides employment to rural communities
(iv) It provides shelter to rural communities
(v) It generates income for rural farmers
(vi) Agriculture can make a rural community a place for investors to invest.

(1c)
(i) Calcium carbonate
(ii) Calcium hydroxide
(iii) Magnesium oxide
(iv) Calcium oxide

(1d)
(i) Chalk
(ii) Breccia
(iii) Limestone
(iv) Sandstone

6(a)iii)wholesaler can be defined as those who sells goods to the retailer  in large quantity

4b)
1. Meat
This is the flesh, muscle, or flesh and the associated fat, connective tissue of slaughtered animals e.g. pork, mutton, beef, chevon etc. Meat is a very good source of animal protein in the diet of man. Moreover, animal protein is necessary for metabolic process in the body.

2. Milk
Milk is a white creamy coloured secretion from the mammary glands of female animals, and it is produced after parturition ( an act of giving birth). This is also a very valuable source of animal protein. Cow, Buffalo, Sheep, and Goats are a good source of milk.

3. Eggs
Poultry eggs are products gotten from laying chickens and they are taken by man. Fortunately, it is also a good source of protein too.

4. Animal fats; it is used for soap production; lubricating oil, and drug synthesis

5. Horns and hooves; used in the industry to produce gelatin, buttons, glues, buttons, and some other items

(5ai)
Malnutrition: results from a poor diet or a lack of food. It happens when the intake of nutrients or energy is too high, too low, or poorly balanced.
(5aii)
Weaning: the accustom (an infant or other young mammal) to food other than its mother's milk”. Essentially, the babies are removed from their mothers and placed on a man-made feeding system. This process takes place within many farming operations, such as dairy, sheep, goats etc.
(5aiii)
Heat period: it is the period that reproductive physiology and endocrinology (hormone) of the female animal is ready for reproduction. The fact is; “no heat, no pregnancy.
(5aiv)
Candling: egg-grading process in which the egg is inspected before a penetrating light in a darkened room for signs of fertility, defects, or freshness. First used to check embryo development in eggs being incubated
(5b)
-Maintenance ration is given to farm animals just sufficient/enough to maintain/sustain the basic/basal metabolic functions of the body
-Production ration is given to farm animals to enable them produce either egg, meat, milk, offspring, hair/fur/wool/work
(5c)
(i)severe weight loss (cachexia)
(ii)poor wound healing
(iii)changes in body mass
(5d)
(i)Climate Change
(ii)Flooding and Drought
(iii)Loss of Biodiversity
(iv)Erosion of soil
(v)Disruption of the Water Cycle

(6ai)
Marketing: The term marketing in agricultural economics involves all the activities or processes relating to the flow of goods and services from the producer(manufacturer)to the final consumer.

(6aii)
Retailer: This is the second form of middlemen. They usually follow the wholesalers in the chain of distribution of goods. They also ensure regular supply of goods and services to the consumer and also create employment opportunity to people


(6aiii)
Wholesaler: Wholesalers are the part of the middlemen. They buy goods in large quantities. They provide warehousing services and also provide transport facilities

(6b)
(i) Poor marketing skills or system
(ii) Inadequate processing facilities
(iii) Scattered sources of supply
(iv) Inadequate financing
(v) Perishabilty of farm produce

(6c)
(i) Government regulations
(ii) Transportation Costs
(iii) Labour/production Costs
(iv) Marketing Methods Used
(v) The tension of supply-demand relationship

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