2025 NECO CIVIC: 2026 NECO Civic (Civic Education) Verified Answers. (1800)

(1a)

(PICK ANY ONE)

Values are the principles, standards, and beliefs that guide the behavior and actions of individuals or groups in a society.

OR

Values are accepted norms and moral principles that influence the way individuals interact with others and make decisions in society.

(1b)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Moral Values: These are values that help individuals determine what is right or wrong based on societal norms and ethics. They guide personal behavior and promote good character. Examples include honesty, integrity, kindness, truthfulness, and fairness. Moral values are essential for peaceful coexistence and justice in society.

(ii) Social Values: Social values are the principles that promote harmonious relationships among members of a community. They influence how individuals relate with one another and contribute to group welfare. Examples are respect for elders, cooperation, hospitality, tolerance, and obedience. Social values help maintain order and unity in society.

(iii) Religious Values: These are values derived from religious teachings and doctrines. They guide individuals in their worship, relationship with God, and treatment of others. Examples include love, forgiveness, humility, faithfulness, and devotion. Religious values encourage spiritual growth and moral uprightness.

(iv) Economic Values: Economic values relate to the 'copied from e x a m p l a z a s . c o m free' importance individuals and society place on wealth, resources, and financial decisions. They influence attitudes toward work, spending, saving, and productivity. Examples include hard work, contentment, accountability, and prudence. Economic values are important for personal success and national development.

(v) Political Values: Political values are principles that guide individuals in their political behavior and participation in governance. These values promote good citizenship and democratic practices. Examples include patriotism, leadership, justice, accountability, loyalty, and civic responsibility. Political values are vital for maintaining law, order, and effective governance in a nation.

(2a)

(PICK ANY ONE)

Responsible parenthood is the ability of parents to provide for the physical, emotional, social, educational, and moral needs of their children to ensure their proper development and well-being.

OR 

Responsible parenthood is the willingness and ability of parents to raise and care for their children by planning their family size and meeting their children’s needs in a loving and supportive environment.

(2b)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Provision of basic needs: Responsible parents ensure their children have access to food, clothing, and shelter. These needs are necessary for the physical development and well-being of the child.

(ii) Education and training: They make sure their children are enrolled in school and receive proper education. They also teach them life skills, good manners, and encourage learning both at home and in school.

(iii) Moral and spiritual guidance: Parents guide their children to know what is right and wrong. They teach them values such as honesty, respect, patience, and kindness. Many also expose their children to religious teachings for moral development.

(iv) Discipline and correction: Responsible parents correct their children’s wrong behavior in a fair and firm manner. This helps the children understand boundaries, develop self-control, and become responsible individuals.

(v) 'copied from e x a m p l a z a s . c o m free' Emotional support and love: They provide a loving and caring environment where children feel secure, valued, and understood. They listen to their children and help them deal with their emotional needs.

(vi) Health care and safety: Parents take their children for regular medical check-ups, ensure they are vaccinated, and treat them when sick. They also protect them from harm, abuse, and dangerous situations.

(vii) Social and cultural development: They teach their children the customs, traditions, and values of their community. This helps the children understand their identity and how to relate with others in society.

(viii) Financial planning and family size control: Responsible parents plan the number of children they can cater for based on their income. This ensures that each child receives proper attention and care.

(ix) Being good role models: Parents lead by example because children often imitate what they see. A responsible parent behaves in a way they would want their children to copy.

(3a)

(PICK ANY ONE)

Human trafficking is the illegal act of recruiting, transporting, transferring, harboring, or receiving people, especially women and children, through force, deception, or coercion, for the purpose of exploitation. 

OR

Human trafficking refers to the unlawful movement of persons from one place to another, within or across national borders, often through trickery, threats, or force, in order to exploit them.

(3b)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Public enlightenment and education: The government, religious bodies, schools, and the media should organize regular awareness campaigns to educate citizens, especially the youth, on the dangers of human trafficking. This will help people understand how traffickers operate and how to avoid being victims.

(ii) Rehabilitation and reintegration of victims: Victims of human trafficking should be properly rehabilitated through counseling, medical care, and vocational training. After rehabilitation, they should be reintegrated into society by helping them acquire jobs or further their education, so they do not fall back into the hands of traffickers.

(iii) Poverty reduction and economic empowerment: The government should reduce poverty by creating more job opportunities and skill acquisition centres for the youth. When people, especially young women and girls, are economically empowered, they will be less 'copied from e x a m p l a z a s . c o m free' vulnerable to traffickers who promise them fake jobs abroad.

(iv) Strengthening laws and law enforcement agencies: The Nigerian government should enforce strict laws that punish traffickers. Agencies like NAPTIP should be well funded, trained, and equipped to arrest, investigate, and prosecute offenders. This will serve as a deterrent to others involved in the crime.

(v) Border monitoring and security control: The government should tighten security at all border points by deploying well-trained immigration officers to monitor the movement of people across the country’s borders. This will help in detecting and preventing the illegal transportation of people for trafficking purposes.

(vi) International cooperation and partnership: Nigeria should collaborate with international organizations and foreign governments to combat human trafficking. This includes sharing intelligence, conducting joint investigations, and repatriating trafficked victims. Such partnerships will enhance efforts to dismantle trafficking networks that operate across countries.

(4a)

(PICK ANY ONE)

Democracy is a system of government in which the people choose their leaders through free and fair elections and have the right to participate in decision-making either directly or through elected representatives.

OR

Democracy is a form of government where power belongs to the people, and they exercise it by voting to elect leaders who represent their interests and make laws on their behalf.

(4b)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Rule of Law: This principle ensures that everyone, including government officials, is subject to the law. It promotes equality, justice, and prevents the misuse of power by upholding legal standards that protect citizens' rights.

(ii) Citizen Participation: Democracy thrives when citizens are actively involved in public affairs. This includes voting, engaging in political discussions, joining civic groups, and demanding accountability from leaders through peaceful means.

(iii) Protection of Human Rights: Fundamental rights such as freedom of speech, religion, association, and access to justice are guaranteed in a democracy. These rights empower citizens to express themselves freely and participate in governance without fear.

(iv) Free and Fair Elections: Regular elections conducted in a transparent, competitive, and inclusive manner enable citizens to choose their leaders. It ensures that public officials 'copied from e x a m p l a z a s . c o m free' derive their power from the consent of the governed.

(v) Separation of Powers: Government authority is divided among the executive, legislative, and judiciary to avoid concentration of power. Each branch checks the others, fostering accountability and preventing dictatorship.

(vi) Accountability and Transparency: Leaders are required to explain their actions and decisions to the public. Transparency in governance, such as open budgeting and accessible records which helps citizens monitor performance and reduce corruption.

(vii) Independent Judiciary: A democratic society relies on a judicial system that is free from external influence. An independent judiciary upholds the constitution, ensures justice, and protects citizens from oppression and unlawful actions.

(5a)

(PICK ANY ONE)

A citizen is a legally recognized member of a state or country who enjoys full civil and political rights and also performs certain duties and obligations as required by the law.

OR

A citizen is a person who, by birth, registration, or naturalization, is granted full legal membership of a country and is entitled to enjoy its rights and privileges as well as fulfill duties and obligations under the law.

(5b)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Citizenship by Birth: This is the most common method of acquiring Nigerian citizenship. A person becomes a citizen by birth if either of his or her parents or grandparents is a Nigerian, regardless of where the person is born. It is automatic and does not require any legal application.

(ii) Citizenship by Registration: This applies to individuals who are not Nigerians by birth but are married to Nigerians or have Nigerian ancestry. Such persons must apply and meet certain conditions, such as good character, a clear intention to reside in Nigeria, and approval by the President.

(iii) Citizenship by Naturalization: This is granted to foreigners who have lived in Nigeria for a long period of time and have shown commitment to the country. The applicant must have resided in Nigeria for at least 15 years, be of good character, and be willing to renounce previous citizenship. Approval is granted by the 'copied from e x a m p l a z a s . c o m free' President.

(iv) Citizenship by Honorary Means: This is granted to foreigners who have made significant contributions to the development of Nigeria. It is given at the discretion of the President and does not require the usual legal conditions such as long-term residence or marriage.

(v) Citizenship by Descent: A person can acquire Nigerian citizenship if they are born outside Nigeria but have at least one grandparent who is a Nigerian. This process is based on ancestral linkage and is recognized under the Nigerian constitution as a valid means of becoming a citizen.

(vi) Dual Citizenship: This applies to individuals who hold Nigerian citizenship by birth and acquire another country’s citizenship. The Nigerian constitution allows dual citizenship only for those who are Nigerians by birth. Such individuals can legally maintain both citizenships without losing their Nigerian status

(5c)

(PICK ANY TWO)

(i) A citizen is a legally recognized member of a country with full rights and responsibilities, while an alien is a foreigner who lives in a country where they are not a legal citizen and only enjoys limited rights.

(ii) A citizen can vote and be voted for in elections, but an alien is not allowed to participate in the political processes of the country, such as voting or contesting for political office

(iii) A citizen has full access to public services such as free 'copied from e x a m p l a z a s . c o m free' education, healthcare, and social welfare benefits, while an alien may have restricted or paid access to such services depending on immigration laws and agreements.

(iv) A citizen has the right to reside permanently in the country without any restrictions, while an alien is usually granted temporary stay and must obtain permits or visas to live and work in the country.

(6a) 

(PICK ANY ONE)

Capitalist democracy is a system of government in which the people elect their leaders through free and fair elections, and the economy is based on private ownership of property and businesses with minimal government control.

OR

Capitalist democracy is a form of government that combines political freedom, where citizens choose their leaders, with an economic system that allows individuals and private companies to own and control resources and businesses for profit.

(6b)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Private Ownership of Property: In a capitalist democracy, individuals and private organizations have the legal right to own and control property and resources. This means they can buy, sell, or lease assets freely. Ownership rights are protected by law, which encourages investment, entrepreneurship, and wealth creation within the economy.

(ii) Free Market Economy: The economy operates on the principles of supply and demand. Producers and consumers are free to make decisions without significant government control. Prices are set by the market, not the government, allowing competition, innovation, and efficiency in the production and distribution of goods and services.

(iii) Rule of Law: The rule of law means that everyone, including government officials and citizens, must obey the law. Laws are applied fairly and equally. It ensures that no one is 'copied from e x a m p l a z a s . c o m free' above the law and protects people from arbitrary rule, corruption, and abuse of power by political or economic elites.

(iv) Free and Fair Elections: Governments are formed through regular, transparent, and competitive elections. All eligible citizens have the right to vote, and the process is free from fraud or coercion. These elections ensure that leaders are accountable to the people and can be removed from power peacefully if they fail.

(v) Checks and Balances: Power is divided among different branches of government which are executive, legislative, and judiciary, to prevent any single group from becoming too powerful. Each branch monitors and limits the powers of the others. This ensures accountability, transparency, and the protection of democratic principles and individual rights

(vi) Limited Government Intervention: The government plays a minimal role in business affairs. It ensures a stable environment for trade, protects property rights, and enforces contracts. However, it does not control production or prices. This promotes economic freedom, private initiative, and reduced bureaucracy in economic activities

(vii) Consumer Sovereignty: Consumers have the freedom to choose what to buy, influencing what producers make. Their preferences guide business decisions and market trends. This encourages competition, higher quality goods, and innovation. Producers must meet the demands of consumers to succeed, 'copied from e x a m p l a z a s . c o m free' making them central to the economy.

(6c)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) It prevents hasty and poorly made laws by allowing thorough debate in two chambers.

(ii) It provides a system of checks and balances between the two houses.

(iii) It ensures better representation of different groups or regions in a country.

(iv) It reduces the chances of dictatorship by limiting the power of one single legislative house.

(v) It encourages more careful lawmaking and reduces errors.

(vi) It allows for wider consultation and opinions before laws are passed.

(7a)

(PICK ANY ONE)

Safety is the state of being free from danger, risk, or injury. It encompasses the measures, protocols, and conditions established to protect individuals and communities from harm. By identifying potential hazards and implementing preventive strategies, safety ensures physical well-being and fosters an environment where people can carry out daily activities without fear.

OR

Safety is the condition in which persons or property are guarded against threats, accidents, and harm. It involves the systematic application of rules, procedures, and safeguards designed to eliminate or minimise risks. Through proactive planning and continuous monitoring, safety promotes a secure atmosphere that supports health, productivity, and social stability.

(7b)

(PICK ANY FIVE)

(i) Road Safety Education: Road safety education involves structured programmes, through schools, community workshops, and media, teaching drivers and pedestrians about traffic regulations, signage interpretation, and defensive driving techniques. By raising awareness of common hazards and promoting responsible behaviour, these initiatives reduce collision rates, protect lives, and cultivate a culture of attentiveness and mutual respect among all road users.

(ii) Installation of CCTV Cameras: Deploying closed-circuit television (CCTV) in public spaces deters criminal activities and provides real-time 'copied from e x a m p l a z a s . c o m free' monitoring of high-traffic areas. Security personnel can swiftly respond to suspicious behaviour, accidents, or emergencies. Additionally, CCTV footage aids law enforcement in investigations. When combined with community trust, this measure enhances public confidence and contributes to overall societal safety.

(iii) Community Policing Initiatives: Community policing fosters collaboration between law enforcement and residents to identify local safety concerns. Officers engage with neighbourhood associations, attend public meetings, and conduct foot patrols, building rapport and trust. This partnership encourages citizens to report issues early, facilitates intelligence sharing, and enables tailored interventions, ultimately preventing crime and strengthening communal bonds.

(iv) Provision of First Aid Facilities: Ensuring that schools, markets, offices, and public venues are equipped with first aid kits and trained responders can be lifesaving. Quick assistance such as controlling bleeding, administering CPR, or stabilising fractures, reduces the severity of injuries before professional medical help arrives. Regular drills and equipment checks maintain readiness and enhance community resilience.

(v) Public Health Vaccination Campaigns: Organised vaccination drives guard populations against infectious diseases like measles and polio. By setting up clinics in schools and community centres, health authorities administer 'copied from e x a m p l a z a s . c o m free' immunisations, track coverage rates, and educate residents on benefits and side effects. High immunisation rates achieve herd immunity, curbing outbreaks and preserving societal well-being.

(vi) Regular Fire Drills: Conducting scheduled fire drills in public buildings, schools, and workplaces familiarises occupants with escape routes, alarms, and evacuation procedures. Clear signage, trained supervisors, and post-drill evaluations ensure that people respond calmly and efficiently in real emergencies, minimising confusion, preventing injuries, and saving lives.

(vii) Proper Waste Disposal Systems: Implementing organised waste collection, segregation, and safe disposal prevents environmental pollution and reduces health hazards. Community bins, designated drop-off points, and sanitary landfills stop the proliferation of disease-carrying pests. Public education on recycling and composting complements infrastructure, fostering a cleaner, safer living environment.

(viii) Enforcement of Building Safety Regulations: Strict adherence to building codes, covering structural integrity, electrical installations, and emergency exits, ensures that constructions withstand environmental stresses and human occupancy. Regular inspections by certified authorities detect violations early, mandating corrective actions. Compliance minimises collapse risks, fire hazards, and other structural failures that endanger 'copied from e x a m p l a z a s . c o m free' occupants.

(7c)

(PICK ANY TWO)

(i) Install quality locks, reinforced doors and motion-sensor lights to secure your home or premises.

(ii) Use strong, unique passwords and enable two-factor authentication on all online accounts.

(iii) Stay vigilant in public by keeping valuables concealed and being aware of your surroundings.

(iv) Verify identities before sharing sensitive information

(8a) 

(PICK ANY ONE)

Orderliness refers to the state of being organized, following rules and procedures, and maintaining a sense of structure and discipline in society and personal conduct

OR

Orderliness can be defined as the act or process of doing things in the right and acceptable ways, corresponding or conforming with the rules and regulations of the society, state or country.

(8b)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Queuing at Public Facilities: Forming and respecting single‐file lines at banks, ticket counters, and stores prevents crowding and conflict. By awaiting one’s turn patiently, citizens demonstrate discipline, minimise disorder, and ensure fair access to services for everyone.

(ii) Proper Waste Management: Segregating refuse into biodegradable and non-biodegradable bins, disposing of litter in designated spots, and participating in community clean-up drives maintain a tidy environment. This practice curbs pollution and exemplifies social responsibility.

(iii) Adherence to Traffic Regulations: Obeying speed limits, traffic signals, and parking rules prevents congestion and accidents. Drivers and pedestrians who follow road signage and designated lanes contribute to smooth vehicular flow and public safety.

(iv) Timely Attendance: Arriving punctually for work, school, and appointments shows respect for others’ time. Establishing clear 'copied from e x a m p l a z a s . c o m free' start and end schedules for activities minimises delays and reflects organised personal and communal routines.

(v) Structured Public Meetings: Following agendas, appointing a chairperson, and enforcing speaking rules during town halls or community forums keep discussions focused. This orderly format ensures all voices are heard and decisions are reached efficiently.

(vi) Designated Parking Zones: Parking vehicles only in marked bays and avoiding obstruction of driveways or pedestrian paths ensures easy access for all. Properly spaced and labelled parking areas reduce traffic snarls and friction among road users.

(vii) Organised Resource Allocation: Distributing communal assets such as water from boreholes or seating in halls, according to schedules and registration lists prevents disputes. Transparent, documented systems for sharing resources uphold fairness and social cohesion.

(8c)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Traffic rules and regulations for safe driving

(ii) Building codes for construction safety and standards

(iii) Scheduled public transportation for efficient travel

(iv) Rules in public parks for maintaining cleanliness and safety

(v) Business hours and operating procedures for commerce

(vi) Voting procedures for orderly democratic processes

(vii) Zoning laws for organized land use and development