2025 WAEC ANIMAL H: Animal H (Animal Husbandry) WAEC Authentic Answers 2026 (5206)

(1ai)

Oestrus synchronization refers to the deliberate manipulation of the reproductive cycle in female animals so that a group of them come into heat at the same time. This is done using hormonal treatments to control or induce ovulation, making it easier to plan and carry out artificial insemination efficiently.

(1aii)

(PICK FOUR ONLY)

(i) Artificial vagina

(ii) Semen straw

(iii) Insemination gun

(iv) Straw cutter

(v) Thermometer

(vi) Semen storage tank

(vii) Lubricant

(viii) Speculum

(1bi)

Vaccination: Vaccination is the administration of vaccines to livestock to protect them from specific infectious diseases. It helps to boost the animal’s immune system so it can fight off future infections effectively, reducing disease outbreaks and increasing productivity.

(1bii)

Feeding ad libitum: Feeding ad libitum means providing animals with unlimited access to feed at all times. This allows the animals to eat whenever they want and as much as they need, which can promote better growth and weight gain, especially in poultry and livestock farming.

(1ci)

PRE-SLAUGHTERING:

(PICK ONE ONLY)

(i) Withholding of feed

(ii) Withholding of water

(iii) Weighing of birds

(iv) Health inspection

(1d)

(COMPLETE THE TABLE)

(i) Kit

(ii) Lamb

(iii) 8 - 12

(iv) Kid

(v) 12 'copied from e x a m p l a z a s . c o m free' - 16

(vi) Calf

(vii) Piglet

(viii) 6 - 8

(2a)

(i) Ovulation:

Ovulation is the release of a mature egg (ovum) from the ovary into the fallopian tube, where it may be fertilized by sperm.

(ii) Oestrus Cycle:

The oestrus cycle is the recurring reproductive cycle in female animals, during which they experience hormonal and physiological changes that prepare them for mating and possible pregnancy.

(iii) Heat Period:

The heat period (also known as estrus) is the phase in the oestrus cycle when the female is sexually receptive and can mate with a male. It is the time she shows visible signs of readiness to conceive.

(iv) Parturition:

Parturition is the process of giving birth to young ones after the completion of gestation.

(2b) 

(PICK ANY FIVE)

(i) Restlessness and frequent lying down and standing up

(ii) Enlargement of the udder (bagging up).

(iii) Swollen vulva.

(iv) Mucus discharge from the vulva.

(v) Isolation from the rest of the flock.

(vi) Pawing the ground or nesting behavior.

(vii) Reduced appetite or refusal to eat.

(2c)  

(PICK ANY FIVE)

(i) Thermostat

(ii) Heater 

(iii) Humidity control system 

(iv) Fan

(v) Egg tray or rack 

(vi) Turning mechanism 

(vii) Thermometer and hygrometer 

(2d)  

(PICK 'copied from e x a m p l a z a s . c o m free' ANY TWO)

(i) Tapeworm 

(ii) Roundworm 

(iii) Liver fluke 

(iv) Hookworm

(3a)

(PICK ANY SIX)

(i) Harvesting of forage crops.

(ii) Chopping of the forage.

(iii) Transporting to the silo or pit.

(iv) Filling the silo or pit with chopped forage.

(v) Compacting the forage to remove air.

(vi) Covering the silo with polythene or tarpaulin.

(vii) Allowing fermentation for 6–8 weeks.

(3b)

(i) Formation of yolk: Ovary

(ii) Fertilization of egg: Infundibulum

(iii) Formation of albumen: Magnum

(iv) Formation of shell: Uterus (or Shell gland)

(v) Formation of shell membrane: Isthmus

(3c)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Increased competition for food and water.

(ii) Higher stress levels among animals, leading to reduced growth and production.

(iii) Greater risk of disease transmission.

(iv) Overgrazing and damage to pasture or feed resources.

(v) Poor animal welfare and higher mortality rates.

(vi) Increased labor and management costs.

(vii) Environmental degradation due to waste accumulation.

(3d)

(PICK ANY TWO)

(i) Pellets

(ii) Mash

(iii) Crumbles

(iv) Meal

(v) Blocks

(vi) Liquids

(3e)

(PICK ANY THREE)

(i) Oversized fetus

(ii) Abnormal presentation or position of the fetus

(iii) Inadequate pelvic size of the mother

(iv) Weak or uncoordinated uterine contractions

(v) Multiple births (dystocia due to 'copied from e x a m p l a z a s . c o m free' twins or triplets)

(vi) Malnutrition or poor body condition of the mother

(vii) Hormonal imbalances

(viii) Infection or uterine abnormalities

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

(4a)

To calculate plant population:

• Area of land = 200 m × 150 m = 30,000 m²

• Spacing = 50 cm × 50 cm = 0.5 m × 0.5 m = 0.25 m² per plant

• Number of planting spots = Total area / Area per plant

= 30,000 m² ÷ 0.25 m² = 120,000 spots

• Germination percentage = 70%

• Expected plant population = 70% of 120,000 = 0.70 × 120,000 = 84,000 plants

(4b) 

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Wholesalers

(ii) Retailers

(iii) Distributors

(iv) Cooperatives

(v) Transporters

(vi) Middlemen

(4c) 

(PICK ANY FIVE)

(i) Poor nutrition and inadequate feeding

(ii) Prevalence of diseases and parasites

(iii) Poor housing and management practices

(iv) Low genetic potential of local breeds

(v) Inadequate veterinary services

(vi) Harsh 'copied from e x a m p l a z a s . c o m free' climatic conditions

(vii) Insecurity and theft

(4di)

A fodder crop is a type of crop that is grown primarily to be harvested and fed to livestock, either green, dry, or as silage.

(4dii) 

(PICK ANY THREE)

(i) Elephant grass

(ii) Guinea grass

(iii) Alfalfa

(iv) Clover

(v) Stylosanthes

(5a)

(PICK ONLY ONE PER EXPLANATION)

(i) Quarantine:

Quarantine is the practice of isolating new or sick animals from the rest of the herd to prevent the spread of disease.

OR

Quarantine is a livestock management practice where animals, especially new or sick ones, are kept separate from the main herd for a specific period.

(ii) Immunity:

Immunity is the ability of an animal’s body to resist or fight off infections and diseases caused by pathogens

OR

Immunity is the defense mechanism that protects an animal from diseases.

(iii) Zoonotic Disease:

A zoonotic disease is an infection that can be transmitted from animals to humans.

OR

Zoonotic diseases are illnesses that can be passed from animals to humans.

(5b)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Liver fluke reduces livestock productivity.

(ii) It causes liver damage and condemnation.

(iii) It increases veterinary treatment costs.

(iv) It leads to losses during meat processing.

(v) It reduces animal fertility.

(vi) It can cause livestock death.

(vii) It lowers the market value of animals.

(viii) It increases costs for control measures

(5c)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Regular inspection of animals for lice.

(ii) Use of insecticidal sprays or dips.

(iii) 'copied from e x a m p l a z a s . c o m free' Quarantining new or infested animals.

(iv) Cleaning and disinfecting animal housing.

(v) Rotational use of effective lice treatments.

(vi) Maintaining good nutrition and hygiene.

(vii) Clipping or shearing hair in long-coated animals.

(viii) Treating all animals in a group simultaneously.

(5di) 

(i) Queen bee

(ii) Worker bees

(iii) Drone bees

(5dii) 

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) beehive

(ii) hive tool

(iii) bee smoker

(iv) bee suit

(v) gloves

(vi) veil

(vii) bee brush

(viii) honey extractor

(ix) frame grip

(x) queen excluder

(6a)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Transports oxygen to tissues and carbon dioxide to the lungs.

(ii) Delivers nutrients from the digestive system to cells.

(iii) Carries waste products to the kidneys for excretion.

(iv) Transports hormones and other signaling molecules.

(v) Helps in regulating body temperature.

(vi) Maintains pH balance in the body.

(vii) Provides defense against infections through immune cells.

(viii) Clots to prevent excessive bleeding when injured.

(6bi)

(PICK ANY ONE) 

Pseudoruminants are animals with a modified digestive system that has three stomach compartments, allowing them to break down fibrous plant material, but they do not chew cud like true ruminants. 

OR

Pseudoruminants are animals that have a stomach with three compartments instead of the four found in true ruminants and can ferment food and digest cellulose, but their digestion process differs from that of true ruminants.

(6bii)

(PICK ANY TWO)

(i) Camels

(ii) Llamas

(iii) Alpacas

(iv) Giraffes

(v) Vicuñas

(vi) Bison

(6c)

(PICK ANY THREE)

(i) Ensure the lamb receives colostrum within the first few hours.

(ii) Keep the lamb warm, especially in cold weather

(iii) Clean the lamb and ensure the umbilical cord is properly treated.

(iv) Monitor the lamb for any signs of illness or 'copied from e x a m p l a z a s . c o m free' distress.

(v) Ensure the mother has access to food and water for adequate milk production.

(vi) Provide a safe, clean environment to reduce the risk of infections.

(vii) Assist the lamb in standing and suckling if the mother has difficulty.

(6d)

(PICK ANY THREE)

(i) Heart

(ii) Blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)

(iii) Lungs

(iv) Spleen

(v) Kidneys

(vi) Bone marrow